Think about the last time you used a mobile app, played a video game, or visited a website.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) already exists in your daily applications, even though you might not know its name.
Popular languages, such as Python, Java, and C++, implement OOP concepts to create well-organized, efficient code, which simplifies management.
The reliability of large apps and the addition of new features point to Object-Oriented Programming as the solution.
According to the TIOBE Index, the top object-oriented programming (OOP) languages in 2025 are Python (23.08%), C++ (10.33%), Java (9.63%), and C# (4.39%).
Want to learn more about Object-Oriented Programming Languages? Let’s dive.
What Is Object-Oriented Programming?
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a software design approach that focuses on data, or objects, rather than just functions and logic. Developers use classes to establish object properties and actions in a way that enables code reuse and better organization.
Here are the core concepts of OOP:
Encapsulation:
Restricts access to certain parts of an object to protect data.
Inheritance:
New classes can gain properties from existing ones.
Polymorphism:
Methods gain the ability to handle objects of different types.
Abstraction:
The necessary elements of complex systems are presented in a simplified manner.
Class and Objects:
- A class operates as a design pattern to produce objects.
- An object functions as an instance of a class, storing data attributes and behavioral methods.
- Software projects with large complexity benefit from this approach because it supports easier application extension and maintenance.
Why Choose Object-Oriented Languages for Development?
Here are the key advantages of object-oriented programming (OOP) Languages.
1) Foundation of Modern Software:
OOP languages form the backbone of today’s software development by promoting modular, reusable, and organized code.
2)Support for New Technologies:
They support key trends like cloud computing, microservices architecture, and artificial intelligence (AI), making them essential for future-ready development.
3) Used in AI and Machine Learning:
Many AI and machine learning frameworks, such as TensorFlow and PyTorch, are built on popular object-oriented programming (OOP) languages like Python.
4) High Demand for Jobs and Projects:
OOP languages Java, C++, Python and C# remain in high demand because they deliver excellent job opportunities alongside increased salaries.
5) Versatility Across Different Fields:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) languages are used in web development, mobile app development, game development, and enterprise applications.
6) Web Development:
Python and JavaScript are commonly used to build dynamic websites and web applications.
7) Mobile App Development:
The mobile development market primarily relies on Swift for iOS and Kotlin for Android through OOP concepts.
8) Game Development:
Game developers love C# because it works perfectly with Unity engine applications.
9) Enterprise Applications:
Java remains a top choice for building large, scalable enterprise software solutions.
Better Career Growth and Adaptability:
Keeping up with top object-oriented programming (OOP) languages helps developers stay competitive, flexible, and prepared for future technological changes.
To learn object-oriented programming, it is essential to master popular programming languages such as Python, Java, and C++.
What Are the Top Object-Oriented Programming Languages?
Here are several of the most popular object-oriented programming languages.
1. Java
- Java stands as a high-level programming language that maintains platform independence due to its Java Virtual Machine (JVM) feature.
- The language supports “write once, run anywhere” execution, making it suitable for web applications, Android development, and large enterprise systems.
- Java implements all object-oriented programming principles through encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism.
- The development process benefits from Spring and Hibernate as well as other robust libraries, which streamline development.
Example: A basic Java class:
class Car {
String modelName;
String color;
public Car(String modelName, String color) {
this.modelName = modelName;
this.color = color;
}
public void startEngine() {
System.out.println("Engine started for " + color + " " + modelName);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car("Sedan", "Red");
myCar.startEngine(); // Output: Engine started for Red Sedan
}
}
2. Python
- Python functions as an interpreted, high-level language because it focuses on readability and simplicity.
- The programming environment enables users to write code using various programming models, including object-oriented programming.
- Python supports developers through its automatic memory management, along with dynamic typing, allowing for concise and clean code.
- The object-oriented programming (OOP) features of Python guide developers in building web applications with Django, while also helping them develop artificial intelligence systems and data analysis tools.
class Dog:
def __init__(self, name, breed):
self.name = name
self.breed = breed
def bark(self):
print("Woof!")
my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
print(my_dog.name) # Output: Buddy
my_dog.bark() # Output: Woof!
3. C++
- The C++ language extends the capabilities of the C programming language by adding object-oriented features.
- Through its low-level memory management system, it enables developers to work with object-oriented programming (OOP) primitives, including classes and inheritance.
- The extensive use of C++ is prevalent in system software, as well as in game development and demanding performance applications.
- The Standard Template Library (STL) enhances productivity by offering ready-to-use data structures and algorithms.
#include
#include
class Rectangle {
public:
int width;
int height;
Rectangle(int w, int h) : width(w), height(h) {}
int area() {
return width * height;
}
};
int main() {
Rectangle rect(5, 10);
std::cout << "Area: " << rect.area() << std::endl; // Output: Area: 50
return 0;
}
4. C#
- Microsoft developed C# as a modern object-oriented language to work with the .net Framework.
- The language combines C++ performance features with the simplicity of Visual Basic in a single package.
- C# provides strong type declarations, garbage collection, and components as a robust programming foundation.
- Developers use C# to build Windows applications, as well as ASP.NET web services and mobile applications created with Xamarin.
public class Book
{
public string Title { get; set; }
public string Author { get; set; }
public void DisplayInfo()
{
Console.WriteLine($"Title: {Title}, Author: {Author}");
}
}
public class Program
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Book myBook = new Book { Title = "The Great Novel", Author = "Jane Doe" };
myBook.DisplayInfo(); // Output: Title: The Great Novel, Author: Jane Doe
}
}
5. Swift
- Apple created Swift as an advanced and user-friendly programming language destined for iOS and macOS software creation.
- The language incorporates recent programming capabilities that help developers execute code more securely.
- Swift provides support for object-oriented development through its features to create classes and structures, as well as implement inheritance.
- The language performs similarly to C-based languages while maintaining a user-friendly syntax for developers.
class Dog {
var name: String
var breed: String
init(name: String, breed: String) {
self.name = name
self.breed = breed
}
func bark() {
print("Woof!")
}
}
let myDog = Dog(name: "Buddy", breed: "Golden Retriever")
print(myDog.name) // Output: Buddy
myDog.bark() // Output: Woof!
6. Kotlin
- Kotlin functions as a statically typed language which JetBrains developed for Java Virtual Machine operation.
- It provides complete Java interoperability and offers better code safety through an easy-to-use syntax.
- Kotlin enables developers to prevent errors caused by null values through its type system implementation of null safety.
- Developing Android apps benefits from Kotlin, as it enhances both efficiency and Java integration.
class Dog(val name: String, val breed: String) {
fun bark() {
println("Woof!")
}
}
fun main() {
val myDog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever")
println(myDog.name) // Output: Buddy
myDog.bark() // Output: Woof!
}
7. PHP
- PHP is a widely used server-side scripting language mainly used for web development.
- It has evolved from a procedural scripting tool to a full object-oriented language since PHP 5.
- PHP 7+ introduced major performance boosts and improved memory usage, making it a stronger option for enterprise-grade applications
- PHP now supports classes, interfaces, inheritance, traits, and exception handling.
- These features make PHP an ideal choice for building complex and scalable web applications.
name = $name;
$this->breed = $breed;
}
public function bark() {
echo "Woof!\n";
}
}
$myDog = new Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever");
echo $myDog->name . "\n"; // Output: Buddy
$myDog->bark(); // Output: Woof!
?>
8. Dart
- Dart is an open-source programming language developed by Google, aimed at building client-side applications.
- It supports both just-in-time (JIT) compilation for rapid development and ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation for production optimization.
- Dart follows an object-oriented approach, allowing developers to build modular and reusable components.
- It is especially popular for mobile app development using the Flutter framework.
class Dog {
String name;
String breed;
Dog(this.name, this.breed);
void bark() {
print("Woof!");
}
}
void main() {
var myDog = Dog("Buddy", "Golden Retriever");
print(myDog.name); // Output: Buddy
myDog.bark(); // Output: Woof!
}
9. Ruby
- The dynamic, open-source programming language Ruby emphasises creating simple solutions to boost developer productivity.
- Only objects exist in this system because it practices total object-oriented design.
- Ruby gained fame for its readable syntax, which makes it the standard programming language for web development through Ruby on Rails.
- It supports key Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) features, including inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism, enabling an elegant code structure.
class Book
attr_accessor :title, :author
def initialize(title, author)
@title = title
@author = author
end
def display_info
puts "Title: #{@title}, Author: #{@author}"
end
end
my_book = Book.new("The Ruby Way", "David Black")
my_book.display_info # Output: Title: The Ruby Way, Author: David Black
10. Objective-C
- Apple created Objective-C as an object-oriented extension of C, which serves macOS and iOS environments.
- C receives Smalltalk messaging functionality through this add-on, which enables flexible processing of objects.
- Before Swift entered the scene, developers relied on it as their primary tool for building Apple mobile applications.
- Objective-C supports object-oriented programming (OOP) principles, including classes, inheritance, and dynamic typing, making it a powerful choice for GUI-based applications.
#import
@interface Dog : NSObject {
NSString *name;
NSString *breed;
}
- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)n breed:(NSString *)b;
- (void)bark;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *breed;
@end
@implementation Dog
@synthesize name;
@synthesize breed;
- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)n breed:(NSString *)b {
if (self = [super init]) {
name = n;
breed = b;
}
return self;
}
- (void)bark {
NSLog(@"Woof!");
}
@end
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
Dog *myDog = [[Dog alloc] initWithName:@"Buddy" breed:@"Golden Retriever"];
NSLog(@"%@", myDog.name); // Output: Buddy
[myDog bark]; // Output: Woof!
}
return 0;
}
So, these are the most popular object-oriented programming languages.
Conclusion- OOP Languages Lead the Future—Are You In?
You should have a good grasp of object-oriented programming (OOP).
OOP languages continue to dominate software development in the year 2025.
These languages determine how our daily software products get developed.
The best language for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) depends on your project's needs and goals.
Popular and effective object-oriented programming (OOP) languages include C#, C++, Java, and Python, among others.
The use of object-oriented programming concepts enables smooth code, enterprise, maintenance, and scalability.
New developers can learn these programming languages because they provide entry to multiple exciting development fields.
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